Stroke
Definition
Stroke is a condition that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is suddenly interrupted (Sarkamo, 2008: 3).
Stroke is a loss of brain function caused by the cessation of blood supply to the brain (Bruner and Suddarth, 2000: 2123).
Stroke is a disorder that affects blood flow to the brain and results in a neurologic deficit (Lewis, 2000: 1645).
Non-hemorrhagic stroke is when this cerebral blood circulation disorder lasts for a while, a few seconds to several hours (mostly 10 - 20 minutes) but less than 24 hours (Mansjoer, 2000: 17).
Non-hemorrhagic stroke is a disease or disorder and disease of the blood vessels of the brain, which underlies the occurrence of stroke, such as cerebral atherosclerosis, aneurysms, angiomas of cerebral blood vessels. (Harsono, 1996: 25).
Non-hemorrhagic stroke is a disease that dominates the middle age group and older adults, most of which are closely related to the incidence of atherosclerosis (thrombosis) and heart disease (embolism) which are triggered by predisposing factors for hypertension (Satyanegara, 1998: 179).
Causes (Sarkamo, 2008: 5)
There are many reasons why young people have had a stroke, for example:
- High stress is often experienced by workers in big cities. Job demands that make a person become stressed. High stress that insists if not treated immediately can cause heart problems and stroke.
- The wrong diet can also trigger a stroke at a young age. because they often eat junk food, which is not good because of high cholesterol content. Cholesterol is not good for health, especially blood vessels if there is a blockage in the blood vessels, and the blood vessels in the brain can cause a stroke.
- Another stroke trigger is due to lack of exercise, busyness makes many people no special time for exercise. Lack of exercise makes stamina decrease and due to lack of movement there can also be blockages in the brain vessels that result in stroke.
Risk Factors (Sarkamo, 2008: 4)
Regarding risk factors, there are several risk factors for stroke that cannot be controlled. For example, family history of heart disease, age, and gender. Compared to men, women are more prone to stroke. People over the age of 55 are also more likely to have a stroke than those who are younger. In addition to risk factors, stroke also has a number of symptoms, including: experiencing movement disorders so that you are unable to pick up a glass, brush your teeth, or install worms perfectly. In a more severe level, there is complete paralysis that can affect every organ of movement, including the lips, face, and eyes.
Symptoms (Sarkamo, 2008: 5-6)
Symptoms of a stroke can also be seen from taste disturbances, such as in one limb, from mild (tingling) to severe (numbness). Impaired consciousness can also occur, for example, easily drowsy to look like a coma. Likewise with verbal disorders, either due to damaged speech organs or decreased memory, for example in the form of not being able to pronounce words and grasp meaning. After the first attack, strokes can sometimes occur again with more severe conditions. This generally occurs in patients who lack self-control, or may feel satisfied after experiencing healing (after the first stroke) so they no longer have a check-up. In fact, if the stroke is repeated, it means that there is more extensive bleeding in the brain so that the condition can be more severe than the first attack. Research shows, among people who have had a stroke, about 40 percent of them will have a recurrent stroke within five years (Hariyono, 2008: 4).
Problems that Occur After a Stroke
Stroke is the most destructive disease of the brain with severe consequences, including a huge psychological, physical and financial burden on the patient. In fact, many people are more afraid of being disabled by a stroke than death itself. If there are no improvements in current prevention methods, the number of stroke survivors will grow rapidly in the next few decades. Handling of post-stroke physiotherapy is an absolute necessity for patients to be able to improve their mobility and function. Various physiotherapy intervention methods such as the use of electrotherapy, hydrotherapy, exercise therapy (Bobath method, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, Neuro Developmental Treatment, Sensory Motor Integration) have been shown to provide great benefits in restoring movement and function in post-stroke patients. However, the role of families who care for and accompany patients also greatly determines the success of the therapy program provided. Handling of post-stroke physiotherapy in principle is a sensory learning process in patients with the methods mentioned above. However, the interaction between the patient and the physiotherapist is very, very limited, unlike the patient's family who has relatively more time. For this reason, the "education for stroke patient families" program regarding the procedures for handling stroke patients at home (home program) will be very useful in restoring movement and function abilities in post-stroke patients. Proper handling as a form of love in the family.
